The Book of Joshua

A Covenant Fulfilled

The book of Joshua is named for its main character, Joshua. The book tells the story of how God fulfilled His covenant to give the children of Israel their promised land of Canaan.

In Hebrew, “Joshua” means “the Lord saves” or “the Lord gives the victory.” The Greek form of this name translated into English is “Jesus.” This name has interesting symbolism since the book of Joshua is the record of Joshua leading the children of Israel into their promised land, and Jesus Christ leads us into the “promised land” of eternal life.

A Book of Wars

The book of Joshua gives many accounts of how the children of Israel fulfilled the covenants of the Lord by conquering their enemies in war. We may wonder how God can say to a people, “Thou shalt not kill,” and then tell those same people to destroy the entire population of certain cities. While we do not completely know the mind of God in these matters, we do know the following:

1. The events in the book of Joshua occurred at a time when nations fought in the name of their god. When the Israelites triumphed over the Canaanites by the power of the Lord, their victory was a witness that He is the true and living God. You will notice that nearly every account in the books of Joshua and Judges shows how the Israelites won their battles in some miraculous way, helping both the Israelites and their enemies know that the Lord God had won the battle, not any man or strategy. In addition, the Lord did not allow Israel to become rich through capturing the goods of the people they conquered (as you will read in Joshua 7).

The Lord often reminded the Israelites that the land belonged to Him, but was given to them for their use as His people. The destruction of the wicked and idolatrous nations of Canaan is a lesson to all people that this is one way God may punish the wicked, and it reminds us of the great destruction of the wicked that will occur at the time of judgment.

2. The prophet Nephi taught that the Lord “doeth not anything save it be for the benefit of the world” (2 Nephi 26:24). The prophet Ezekiel recorded that the Lord does not delight in the death of the wicked (see Ezekiel 18:32; 33:11). Therefore, when the Lord commanded the Israelites to drive out or destroy the Canaanites, He was doing what was most beneficial to all involved, based on their circumstances.

3. The iniquity of the Canaanites had reached a fulness (see Leviticus 18:3, 24–25; Deuteronomy 18:10–12; 1 Nephi 17:32–35). This fulness means they were willing to kill the prophets and the Saints (see 2 Nephi 26:3). While Saints in all days are expected to live in ways different from the world around them, in this case it would be very difficult for the Israelites to live the righteous life the Lord asked of them if they were side-by-side with the extraordinary wickedness of the Canaanites. When the wickedness of a society is so great that the rising generations have no opportunity to choose to live righteously, then God mercifully destroys the society from the earth for the sake of future generations. We learned this from the story of Noah and the Flood.

4. God’s ways are not our ways (see Isaiah 55:8–9). When we consider that it is His work “to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man” (Moses 1:39) and that He is the Creator and has power over His creations, including the ability to save them, then we can have faith that God’s actions help fulfill His work. Because we are limited in our understanding, we are not able to see things from God’s point of view.

Getting Ready to Study Joshua

One of the early themes of the book of Joshua is that of strictly following the Lord’s instructions. When the armies of Israel were obedient, they were successful. When they were not, they failed. The consequences of obedience helped the Israelites realize that it was the Lord’s help that gave them the victory.

The book of Joshua can be divided into three general sections:

• The conquering of Canaan

• How Joshua divided the land

• Joshua’s final instructions and testimony

Joshua 1
“Be Strong and of a Good Courage”

Consider how inadequate and humble Joshua may have felt when he was called to lead the children of Israel after Moses—one of the greatest prophets in history. As you read Joshua 1, look for what the Lord told Joshua to encourage him in his new calling. Think about how you might apply this counsel to callings the Lord gives you and in your life’s experiences.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study Joshua 1.

Be Strong and Courageous

1. Find the verses where the Lord told Joshua to be strong and have courage. You may want to highlight them in your scriptures.

2. Write about how you can be strong and of good courage.

Scripture Mastery—Joshua 1:8

In your notebook, draw a poster that you think would best represent the message of Joshua 1:8. Make sure your poster includes what we should do with the scriptures (the book of the law) and what blessings are promised if we do.

How Would You Feel?

1. How important is it to a prophet for his people to sustain him?

2. If you could speak briefly to the prophet of the Church today, what would you say about how you are trying to sustain him?

Joshua 2
Spies in Jericho

Alma taught that faith is putting your trust in God (see Alma 36:3). As you read Joshua 2, look for ways people in this chapter demonstrate their faith.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A or B as you study Joshua 1.

Rahab the Good

After reading Joshua 2; Hebrews 11:30–31; and James 2:24–25, imagine you were one of the spies and write an explanation giving evidence of how Rahab demonstrated faith and explaining why you think the Israelites should save her when they conquer Jericho.

A Scarlet Thread

What do you think the scarlet thread could represent? What did the Israelites do when they were in Egypt that was like this scarlet thread? (see Exodus 12:7, 13).

Joshua 3–4
Crossing the Jordan River

What helps you to have faith and confidence in our living prophets and apostles? Why is it important to have faith and confidence in them? Joshua 3–4 records what the Lord did that witnessed to those who desired to know that He was with Joshua as He had been with Moses.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study Joshua 3–4.

Make a Journal Entry

Imagine you are watching the Levites carrying the ark. Write your journal entry for the day described in Joshua 3–4. Include how you feel about Joshua as a prophet of God.

How Does It Happen Today?

In what ways does the Lord help confirm to us today that the President of the Church is a prophet of God?

A Memorial

In Joshua 4, the Lord commanded Joshua to make a memorial of stones. Write in your notebook what you think a plaque placed on the memorial might say.

Joshua 5
A Special Visitor

Joshua 5 records some events that took place when the camp of Israel was in the promised land on the west side of the Jordan River. The Israelites showed their commitment to the Lord, and He showed them He was still with them as they faced their next challenge—the conquering of the land of Canaan.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Joshua 5.

Captain of the Lord’s Host

1. It is not clear who the “captain of the Lord’s host” is in Joshua 5:13–15, but verse 14 tells us that Joshua “fell on his face . . . and did worship.” Other people in the scriptures have reacted like Joshua did: Cornelius, meeting Peter (see Acts 10:25–26); John, visited by an angel (see Revelation 19:10; 22:9); and Nephi’s brethren toward Nephi (see 1 Nephi 17:55). Read also Exodus 3:1–6, where Moses saw the Lord. How do these incidents compare to what happened with Joshua and “the captain”? What might these incidents teach us about who visited Joshua?

2. Why do you think it was important for Joshua to have this experience at this time?

Optional Activity

Write about a time when the Lord gave you added strength as you faced a challenge.

Joshua 6
The Walls Came Tumbling Down

In Joshua 2 we read about how two Israelites spied on Jericho, were protected by Rahab, and then brought back their report to Joshua. Joshua 6 tells how the Israelite army conquered the city and how Rahab was saved, as the spies had promised.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Joshua 6.

Describe the Battle of Jericho

Briefly describe the battle of Jericho, making sure to include the following words: surround, trumpet, seven, ark, and Rahab.

How Did They Feel? What Did They Think?

Write something you think each of the following people thought or felt as a part of the conquest of Jericho: an Israelite priest with a trumpet, a soldier in the army, a cousin to Rahab, and a citizen of Jericho. Jericho was the first city the armies of Israel battled after entering the land of Canaan. What do you think the children of Israel should have learned from how they won this battle that could have helped them as they continued their conquest of the promised land?

Joshua 7
Conquering the City of Ai

What happens when we sin and try to hide it? (see D&C 121:37). Even though other people may not know we are hiding our sins, who does know? What happens to our spiritual progress when we try to hide our sins? Joshua 7 records how the children of Israel learned a very important and impressive lesson about the importance of obedience and how it effects others, and that we cannot hide our disobedience from the Lord.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study Joshua 7.

Consequences of Sin

1. Elder Dean L. Larsen said, “There is no such thing as private sin” (in Conference Report, Apr. 1983, 49; or Ensign, May 1983, 35). In what ways does the story of Achan demonstrate this truth? For example, how did Achan’s sin affect thirty-six Israelites and their families? Include in your answer how his sin affected all the camp of Israel, including Joshua, and how it affected Achan’s family.

2. Think of and write about a modern example of how what seems to be a person’s “private sin” can actually affect many others.

Joshua 8
Conquering Ai

Joshua 8 records how the Lord commanded Joshua to return and destroy the city of Ai after he resolved the situation caused by Achan’s sin. Joshua 8 also tells how Joshua fulfilled the commandment given in Deuteronomy 27 to have Israel recite the blessings and cursings that might come to them.

Joshua 9
Tricked by the Gibeonites

By the time of the events in Joshua 9, the Israelites’ fame was spreading through the land. One group of people, the Gibeonites, decided to trick the Israelites into making a peace treaty with them. Without asking the Lord for His approval, the Israelites made the treaty. They were angry when they found out the Gibeonites had tricked them, but they still honored the agreement. The people felt that honoring a promise was very important. The treaty incident taught the Israelites to counsel more with the Lord in their doings (see also Alma 37:37).

Joshua 10
The Sun and Moon Stand Still

The news of what the Israelites did in the land continued to spread. Joshua 10 tells about what several different groups of people tried to do to stop the Lord’s people. We also read about what the Lord did to help His people overcome their enemies. As you read, think about who your “enemies” are as you try to obtain eternal life. In what ways can you follow Joshua’s example? In what ways can you compare what the Lord did for Joshua to what the Lord can do for you?

Understanding the Scriptures

Joshua 10 Slack not thy hand from thy servants (v. 6)—Do not turn away from helping us. Men of valour (v. 7)—Trained soldiers or warriors Stones (v. 11)—Hail Hasted not (v. 13)—Was not quick Keep (v. 18)—Guard Smite the hindmost of them (v. 19)—Attack them from behind Suffer (v. 19)—Allow Fenced cities (v. 20)—Cities with strong walls Moved his tongue (v. 21)—Spoke Dismayed (v. 25)—Discouraged Remain, remaining (vv. 28, 30, 33, 37, 39–40)—Stay alive [click for scalable version]

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Joshua 10.

Extra Help from the Lord

1. What two extraordinary acts did the Lord cause to help the Israelites battle their enemies?

2. What help do we have today to withstand temptations and wickedness? (You may want to read 1 Nephi 14:12–14 for some ideas.)

Liken the Scriptures to Yourself

1. Read Joshua 10:24–25 and compare what you read to what the Lord said in 1 Corinthians 15:21–26; Doctrine and Covenants 76:58–62, 101–6; 103:5–8. Describe what Joshua told the captains to do and how it is a symbol of what Jesus will do for His people.

2. How can we prepare ourselves to be worthy of the Lord’s help and protection?

Joshua 11–21
The Conquest of Canaan Continues

Joshua 11 describes more battles Joshua and the Israelites won. Chapter 11 also mentions that the Israelites “made war a long time” with some of the kings. We do not know why conquering these particular cities took the Israelites longer than conquering some of the first cities they battled against. Joshua 12 contains a list of the cities and kings the Israelites destroyed, and Joshua 13:1–14 contains a list of some of the cities and kings they did not destroy or drive out. We do not know exactly why these groups were not destroyed or driven out.

Beginning in Joshua 13 and continuing through Joshua 21 we read about how the land was divided between the tribes of Israel. Look in the map section of your scriptures to see the approximate boundaries of the land each tribe received (see Bible map 3).

Joshua 22
Settling the East Side of the Jordan

Before he was translated, Moses gave land on the east side of the Jordan River to the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh if they would help the other tribes obtain the land on the west side of the Jordan River. This was accomplished by the time of the events in Joshua 22.

Joshua 22 tells about these two and one half tribes going back to receive their land inheritance on the east side of the Jordan. The other tribes misunderstood something they did on their way as breaking the law of Moses and they nearly had a war. But the leaders of the tribes came together and solved the problem peacefully. Like these ancient people, we should also find out the whole story before we judge others.

Joshua 23–24
“Choose You This Day”

As a young man, Joshua came out of Egypt and was a servant to Moses. He witnessed the plagues in Egypt, the miracles in the wilderness, and the murmuring and rebellions of the Israelites. Finally, he led the armies of Israel in their miraculous victories over the cities and kings of Canaan. Joshua 23–24 records the last sermon of this great (and now quite old) leader in Israel. Having studied a little about his life and his experiences, what do you think the major theme of his talk was?

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Joshua 23–24.

Diagram Joshua’s Advice

Make two diagrams in your notebook like the ones below to represent what Joshua told the Israelites in Joshua 23. In the first diagram, list under “Actions” what Joshua told Israel to do; then list under “Consequences” the blessings promised. In the second diagram, list under “Actions” what Joshua told Israel not to do, and then list under “Consequences” what would happen because of their disobedience.

Scripture Mastery—Joshua 24:15

1. List the ways the Lord had blessed the Israelites mentioned in Joshua 24:1–13.

2. Because of all that the Lord did for the family of Israel, what did Joshua ask them to do in verses 14–15?

3. How could Joshua’s counsel in verse 15 bless your life today?

The Book of Judges

The book of Judges tells the history of Israel between the death of Joshua and the selection of Samuel as a prophet. While the book of Judges contains stories from Israelite history, these stories do not necessarily appear in historical order and are certainly not complete in relating Israelite history. Judges contains stories of idolatry and lawlessness that have parallels to our society today. Some of the stories are strange, tragic, or contain disgusting elements, and we wonder how the Israelites could be so wicked. But we also see the hand of the Lord as He helped Israel—even though they were mostly a spiritually weak people during these times. The book of Judges is a testimony that the Lord can help us in our weakness if we will turn to Him.

Who Were the “Judges”?

“Judges” refers to leaders in the tribes of Israel who were chosen by God or the people to deliver the Israelites from their enemies. The judges were more like military leaders than actual judges who deal with issues of law. The people made them heroes, although the righteous judges tried to teach that the Lord is the real leader of Israel (see Judges 8:23; 11:27). Following is a list of some of the judges:

A Main Theme

After the Lord led the Israelites into their promised land with miraculous power, they did not continue to progress in their faith and commitment. They did not drive out all of the Canaanites and even began to adopt some of the Canaanites’ evil practices. Consequently, the children of Israel lost their unity and broke up into tribes and families. A cycle of apostasy and deliverance occurred over and over in the book of Judges (see the illustration below). This cycle began when people blessed by God forgot Him and became involved in practices He forbids, such as the religions of the Canaanites. The resulting sin and wickedness had consequences. One important consequence was that the Israelites lost the Lord’s protection against their enemies and were taken into bondage. Finally, after their sincere humility and repentance, the Lord delivered His people and prospered them again.

What Can We Learn from the Book of Judges

Why would the Israelites let themselves go through this cycle over and over again—twelve times in the book of Judges alone? Individuals and groups of people in our day get caught in this cycle as well. President Spencer W. Kimball said: “Few men have ever knowingly and deliberately chosen to reject God and his blessings. Rather, we learn from the scriptures that because the exercise of faith has always appeared to be more difficult than relying on things more immediately at hand, carnal man has tended to transfer his trust in God to material things. Therefore, in all ages when men have fallen under the power of Satan and lost the faith, they have put in its place a hope in the ‘arm of flesh’ and in ‘gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know’ (Dan. 5:23)—that is, in idols” (“The False Gods We Worship,” Ensign, June 1976, 4). Look for this cycle as you read the book of Judges.

[click for scalable version]

Judges 1
Who Shall Fight for Us?

The first verse of Judges 1 contains the basic question of the book: “Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?” From what we read in the book of Joshua, the answer ought to be clear: the Lord. As President Kimball said in the quotation found above: “The exercise of faith has always appeared to be more difficult than relying on things more immediately at hand.” This certainly seems true for the people in the book of Judges. The Israelites strayed from the faith and looked to mortal men and armies—instead of the Lord—to deliver them.

Judges 1 introduces another main idea in the book of Judges by telling us about the groups of people not driven out by the tribes of Israel. Instead of driving out and destroying these peoples, Judges 1 says the Israelites made treaties with them. The chart below shows how this was the first step in leaving God and embracing idolatry.

[click for scalable version]

Judges 2–3
Ehud Delivers Israel

Following the pattern of the chart above, Judges 1 describes how the Israelites did drive out the Canaanites and then how they made treaties with them. Judges 2–3 describes how the children of Israel then fell into idolatry because of intermarriage with the Canaanites. The cycle continued, and they were eventually relieved with the help of a judge named Ehud.

Several times in Judges 2–3 we read that the Israelites “angered” the Lord. In fact, we learn that the Lord’s anger was “hot” (see Judges 2:14, 20; 3:8). While this may sound harsh, knowing a little about the gods Baal and Ashtaroth might help us understand why the Lord was so angry. Baal was the male god of fertility, and Ashtaroth was his female companion and goddess of fertility. “Worship” included base violations of the law of chastity. All violations of the law of chastity are serious sins and spiritually destructive, but to do them in the name of worship is especially abominable to Heavenly Father.

Judges 4–5
Deborah the Prophetess

Judges 4–5 tells about how Israel was delivered from the bondage of their enemies under the direction of a woman named Deborah, who was both a judge and a prophetess. She prophesied that a woman would destroy the enemy’s leaders. The prophecy was fulfilled when a non-Israelite woman named Jael killed the leader of the enemy army. The people learned that if they trusted the Lord, He could deliver them.

Judges 5 contains the words of a song the Israelites sang about this important event. Music can be a powerful way of praising God (see also D&C 25:12).

Judges 6–8
Gideon

Judges 6–8 tells the story of a great judge named Gideon who was raised up by the Lord to deliver the Israelites after they once again fell into apostasy.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do three of the following activities (A–E) as you study Judges 6–8.

First Things First

1. According to Judges 6:25–32, what was the first thing Gideon did as he attempted to deliver the Israelites from the Midianites?

2. Why do you think the Lord commanded Gideon to do this first?

What Do You Think?

Why do you think the Lord reduced the size of the Israelite army before they went to battle?

Finish These Sentences

Finish these sentences in your own words by using what you learned in Judges 7.

1. Gideon chose the 300 men who . . .

2. A man told Gideon about his dream in which . . .

3. The men in the army used their pitchers and trumpets to . . .

A King?

1. Imagine you were selected to nominate Gideon as king of Israel. What would you say about him to convince others he would make a good king?

2. Write what you think Gideon would say after you nominated him (see Judges 8:22–23).

What Was the Lesson?

How is the story of Gideon in Judges 6–8 an example of Doctrine and Covenants 1:19?

Judges 9–10
The Cycle Continues

Judges 9 tells about Abimelech, son of Gideon, who took advantage of his father’s popularity and became king of Shechem. The story helps us see the problems in ignoring the Lord and solely putting our trust in man to lead and rule us.

Judges 10 records that Israel continued worshiping idols. Consequently, they lost the protection of the Lord and were conquered by their enemies. They then began to cry to the Lord for help. In this case, the Lord sternly rebuked the people when they cried for help. He told them to go “cry unto” the idols they worshiped and see if those gods would provide deliverance (see Judges 10:13–14).

Judges 11–12
The Story of Jephthah

Following the pattern of leaders in the book of Judges, Jephthah was an unlikely leader. He was the son of a harlot and once he was grown was thrust out of his family and home by his half brother. The Lord used this person from a lowly position, however, to deliver Israel from her enemies. Jephthah had faith in God and forsook idols, which gave him the strength of the Lord in his efforts.

Judges 13
The Birth of Samson

Have you ever asked your parents about the events surrounding your birth? What were their thoughts as they prepared to receive you in their life? What were their hopes for you as you grew? Judges 13 tells about the events of Samson’s birth. As you read, look for what Samson’s parents thought and hoped during the time surrounding his birth.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Judges 13.

A Special Calling

Describe how the following terms had something to do with Samson’s special birth and calling: barren, drink, razor, angel, burnt offering.

Write a Letter

Imagine you are Samson’s aunt or uncle and that Samson is now in his teen years. Based on what you read in Judges 13, write Samson a letter to help him understand what wonderful parents he has.

Judges 14–15
One Mistake after Another

Although Samson was born with great promises and blessings, Judges 14–15 tells us how he misused those God-given gifts. The blessings Samson was promised were just like the blessings promised us in our patriarchal blessings—the promises and blessings are only fulfilled when we live worthy of them (see D&C 130:20–21). As you read, think about what Samson’s actions teach us about his focus in life.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study Judges 14–15.

What’s the Problem?

1. Make a chart like the following in your notebook, and fill it in with information you learn from the scripture reference listed:

Reference	What Samson Did	Why
Judges 14:5–6
Judges 14:19
Judges 15:1–5
Judges 15:6–8

2. Write about what you think Samson’s biggest weakness was (see Judges 14–15).

Judges 16
Samson and Delilah

After reading Judges 13–15, what lessons do you think Samson could have learned from his experiences? As you read Judges 16, see if he really did learn those lessons.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Judges 16.

Apply the Words of Modern Prophets and Apostles

How could Samson have benefitted from the following advice? Write your answer in your notebook.

President N. Eldon Tanner of the First Presidency said: “I would like to say to you again, remember these three words: keep the covenants. And I think I am safe in saying to you that if you and your families will keep these covenants, you will be happy, you will be successful, you will be respected, you will have good families that you can take back into the presence of our Heavenly Father. All you will have to do is remember three words: keep the covenants, the obligations that you have taken upon yourselves, the pledges that you have made. Keep the covenants” (in Conference Report, Oct. 1966, 99).

Not Very Obedient

Read Numbers 6:1–9 and list the requirements of a Nazarite. Next to each requirement, write a scripture reference from Judges 14–16 that demonstrates a time when Samson disobeyed that requirement, and then briefly explain what he did.

Judges 17–21
Israel Suffers for Disobedience

Judges 17–21 can be tied together with a statement made in Judges 17:6 and then repeated as the last verse of Judges in 21:25: “In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes.” The writer seemingly showed us the truth of these verses by what he wrote in Judges 17–21. These chapters describe some of the worst times in Israel’s history and perhaps prepare us to understand why Israel thought they needed a king (which occurs early in the next book, 1 Samuel). Unfortunately, Israel didn’t realize they could have made the Lord their king and that He would have given them peace and provided a way to solve the problems facing them. In this case, we must learn from Israel’s mistakes rather than their successes.

The Book of Ruth

This short, significant story took place during the time of the book of Judges. Unlike most of the stories in the book of Judges, however, it is hopeful, full of faith, and has a happy ending.

The Faith of a Convert

It is especially interesting to note that Ruth was not an Israelite by birth but was a Moabite (see Bible Dictionary, “Moab,” p. 733). Ruth married an Israelite of the tribe of Judah who lived in Moab during a famine. From the book of Ruth we can learn about the faith of a convert to the true gospel. We also learn that the love and mercy of the Lord are extended to those who desire it, even if they grew up outside of the covenant.

A Noble Posterity

You might be interested to know that Ruth’s descendants include David, who was a king in Israel, and the Lord Jesus Christ. As you read, look for what Ruth did that showed her to be a worthy ancestor of the Savior.

Ruth 1
“Where You Will Go, I Will Go”

What is the most important thing that you ever gave up because of your commitment to the true gospel? As you read Ruth 1, think about what Ruth gave up.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study Ruth 1.

Meeting Challenges

1. List at least three trials faced by people in Ruth 1.

2. Choose one trial that is like one you have faced and briefly describe it.

3. What can you learn about facing your challenges from the examples in this chapter?

Ruth 2
Ruth Meets Boaz

President Spencer W. Kimball said, “God does notice us, and he watches over us. But it is usually through another person that he meets our needs” (“The Abundant Life,” Ensign, July 1978, 4). Look for this idea as you continue reading the story of Ruth.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study Ruth 2.

What Do You Think?

Explain why you think Boaz was so kind to Ruth.

Ruth 3–4
Ruth and Boaz Marry

Ruth 3–4 records several customs that are not practiced today. The following explanations may help you as you read:

• Under the law of Moses, the nearest relative was responsible to take care of widows, including marrying those who could still have children (see Deuteronomy 25:5–10).

• In Ruth 3, Ruth followed certain customs to let Boaz know she was available for marriage. Nothing immoral took place. When Ruth asked Boaz to take her under his “skirt,” she was saying, in effect, “Please take care of me.”

• There was a man more closely related to Ruth than Boaz, but he was unwilling to accept the responsibilities of caring for Naomi and Ruth—especially the responsibility to marry Ruth. So Boaz was able to accept the responsibility.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study Ruth 3–4.

Choosing a Husband or Wife

Give examples from Ruth 1–4 that show what qualities Boaz had as a husband (if you are a woman) or what qualities Ruth had as a wife (if you are a man).

Optional Activity—Answer Questions

1. How might the things Boaz did for Ruth be similar to what Christ did (and does) for us?

2. How are Ruth’s actions an example of what we can do to “come unto Christ”?

The First Book of Samuel

Prophets or Kings?

The book of 1 Samuel begins with the story of Samuel’s birth and contains an account of his ministry. The book describes the ministry of a prophet to the kings of Israel, so 1 Samuel is essentially the story of the nation of Israel as well. The Israelites rejected the Lord’s counsel to trust in Him and be ruled by judges and prophets and instead asked for a king. Notice that the title of this book in your Bible says it is “Otherwise Called the First Book of the Kings.”

Getting Ready to Study 1 Samuel

Samuel obviously did not write 1–2 Samuel, since we read of his death before the end of 1 Samuel. The book of 1 Samuel was written by someone in the time of King Solomon. For more information about 1 Samuel, see the Bible Dictionary, “Samuel, books of” (p. 769).

Important People in 1 Samuel

1 Samuel 1
“For This Child I Prayed”

President Spencer W. Kimball said, “Someday, when the whole story of this and previous dispensations is told, it will be filled with courageous stories of our women, of their wisdom and their devotion, their courage, for one senses that perhaps, just as women were the first at the sepulchre of the Lord Jesus Christ after his resurrection, our righteous women have so often been instinctively sensitive to things of eternal consequence” (in Conference Report, Apr. 1978, 6; or Ensign, May 1978, 5).

Samuel’s mother, Hannah, could certainly be considered one of the women President Kimball referred to. As you read 1 Samuel 1, look for instances that show her greatness. Consider what it means for children to have parents like Hannah and Elkenah. Learning about them gives us examples to follow when we become parents.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 1 Samuel 1.

How to Meet Challenges

From the events you read about in 1 Samuel 1, what can you learn from Hannah to apply to your own life’s experiences?

What Do You Think It Would Be Like?

Describe what you think it would be like to be Hannah’s child. Include in your answer some qualities you read about in 1 Samuel that show what kind of mother Hannah was.

How Do You Dedicate Yourself to God?

Because Hannah dedicated Samuel to the Lord’s service, Samuel would grow up with the priests and work with the tabernacle all his life. Obviously, we do not dedicate our children to the Lord in the same way today; however, what do you think you could do as a parent to give your children the feeling Samuel had growing up, the feeling that he belonged to the Lord and was specially dedicated to the Lord’s service all his life?

1 Samuel 2
Eli’s Sons

Why should parents correct their children when the children do wrong? What happens if they are not corrected? How does the Lord feel about children being neglected? An additional example of parents’ influence on the lives of their children can be found in 1 Samuel 2.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–D) as you study 1 Samuel 2.

A Song for the Lord

1. Choose what you think would be a good title for Hannah’s song in 1 Samuel 2:1–10.

2. Choose something Hannah said about the Lord in this song that impresses you, and explain why.

Applying the Story Today

After reading 1 Samuel 2:12–17, explain what you think modern Aaronic Priesthood holders could learn from this story. Especially consider what verse 17 says.

Be a Prosecuting Attorney

You have been assigned to bring Eli and his sons to justice. Read 1 Samuel 3:13 and list the crimes you would charge them with and the evidence you have that they are guilty.

The Duties of Parents

Read Mosiah 4:14–15; Doctrine and Covenants 68:25–31; 93:40–43 and list what the Lord commands parents to teach their children.

1 Samuel 3
Samuel Hears the Lord

In 1 Samuel 2 we read that the Lord was displeased with Eli. The Lord told Eli that He would raise up another prophet. Chapter 3 tells about Samuel’s calling to replace Eli as priest and also to be a prophet to Israel.

As you read about what happened to Samuel, ask yourself the following questions: When and how might the Lord make His will known to me? How do I respond to the guidance and inspiration He gives?

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Samuel 3.

The Calling of a New Prophet

1. According to 1 Samuel 3:1, why did the Lord need to call a new prophet?

2. What can we learn from Samuel’s example about how to respond when the Lord, through His servants, calls us to serve?

1 Samuel 4–6
The Ark of the Covenant

When we keep the commandments, we grow in confidence and faith in God. When we do not keep the commandments, we begin to lose confidence and faith and often turn to outward things to make up for our lack of inner strength. The Israelites were in that situation in 1 Samuel. Chapter 4 tells us that the Israelites believed they could defeat their enemies if they took the ark of the covenant with them to battle. They did not understand that the ark, like a temple, was an outward symbol of deep spiritual meaning and that it only blessed the Israelites when they were faithful to the Lord and His covenants, which the ark represented. In other words, God could deliver the Israelites from their enemies if they were true to Him, but instead they looked to a symbol of Him, believing that the physical object itself had supernatural power. To their great disappointment, the Israelites not only lost their battle but allowed the Philistines to take possession of the ark of the covenant.

Although the Israelites were wrong to use the ark of the covenant in a superstitious way, the ark remained an important symbol of the Israelite religion and the Lord desired it to be placed in His tabernacle. Thus, 1 Samuel 5–6 tells about what happened to the Philistines after they captured the ark that made them decide to later return it to the Israelites.

1 Samuel 7
Repentance Brings the Victory

After losing their battle with the Philistines by trying to use the ark as a symbol of good luck, the Israelites had two choices. They could try getting another god to save them (which is what many superstitious people did) or they could repent and exercise more faith and trust in the living God, instead of the symbol of the living God. As you read 1 Samuel 7, notice what Samuel counseled the people to do and what happened when the people followed his counsel.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Samuel 7.

What Saves?

1. Read 1 Samuel 4:3 and explain what the people thought would save them.

2. What do people today believe will save them?

3. What did Samuel do in 1 Samuel 7, and what did he ask the people to do so they could be saved from their enemies?

4. In what ways could we use these same things to overcome our challenges and temptations today? Give an example.

1 Samuel 8
“Give Us a King”

The Israelites’ success against the Philistines is told in 1 Samuel 7. After their victory, it seems that the Israelites would be more willing to do what Samuel asked of them. But they were still weak in faith. The Israelites did not want to follow Samuel. They demanded a king! They had rejected the Lord as their king. Chapter 8 of 1 Samuel records that the Lord comforted Samuel, telling him the people had not rejected Samuel but had rejected the Lord. Later, they changed from believing the ark of the covenant was the source of their protection to believing that having a strong leader was their key to success.

Other surrounding nations had kings. Through the prophet Moses, however, the Lord told Israel they were a “peculiar” people to Him, meaning they were specially chosen and set apart from the world to be His people and to do the work of saving the rest of His children. Much of the law of Moses helped remind Israelites that they were different from other nations and promised them great blessings if they remained different and did not seek the acceptance and riches of the world. Of course the Israelites’ desire to be like those around them was not just a problem in ancient times. Today there are some Church members who want to live like the people around them who do not share the same beliefs and standards. Often the ways of the world are quite attractive.

Without a strong testimony that God lives and that He gives us commandments for our good, we may choose to act a certain way because “everyone else is doing it” and lose the blessings of being God’s covenant people. In 1 Samuel 8 we are taught that the attractiveness of worldly practices tempted the Israelites and threatened their standing as a “peculiar people.”

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–D) as you study 1 Samuel 8.

What Will Happen?

The Lord had Samuel explain to the people what would happen if they had a king. Using 1 Samuel 8:10–18, write what would happen in each of the following cases if Israel had a king. For each, give a scripture reference that supports your answer.

1. The king decides that he needs more servants on his staff.

2. The king is offended by another king and decides to go to war to defend his honor.

3. The king sets the budget for his expenses and decides he needs more money.

4. The people are unhappy with the king and he learns of their complaints.

Motivations

1. Read 1 Samuel 8:1–9, 19–22 and explain why the people wanted a king.

2. What was wrong with their reason for desiring a king?

Prepare an Outline for a Talk

Suppose you are asked to give a talk on what Latter-day Saints can learn from 1 Samuel 8. List three main ideas you would include in your talk.

 “Know This, That Every Soul Is Free”

What does 1 Samuel 8 teach you about the Lord, knowing that He still allowed the Israelites to have a king? (Alma 29:4–5 may help with your answer.)

1 Samuel 9–10
Saul Anointed King

In 1 Samuel 8, the people of Israel said they wanted a king, even though the prophet Samuel counseled them against it. Chapter 9 in 1 Samuel teaches us how much the Lord loves His people when we realize that even though the people of Israel did not follow the Lord’s counsel, He still helped them by inspiring His prophet to choose and train a king for them. As you read, look for what you can learn about callings from the Lord.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 1 Samuel 9–10.

Write a News Report

Imagine that you were a faithful Israelite news reporter who followed Saul through all the experiences of 1 Samuel 9–10. Write a brief article describing why Saul is a good choice for Israel’s king. Use scripture references to support your ideas.

Write a Journal Entry

Based on what you learned from 1 Samuel 9–10, write how you think Saul might have felt after his experience of being called as king in Israel. Pay special attention to 1 Samuel 9:21; 10:6, 9, 20–27.

Apply the Words of Modern Prophets and Apostles

How does the following statement quoted by President Harold B. Lee relate to what happened in 1 Samuel 10:26–27: “That person is not truly converted until he sees the power of God resting upon the leaders of this church, and until it goes down into his heart like fire” (in Conference Report, Apr. 1972, 118; or Ensign, July 1972, 103).

1 Samuel 11
Saul Leads Israel to Battle

The story of Samuel calling Saul and presenting him to the people as their leader is told in 1 Samuel 9–10. Chapter 11 of 1 Samuel contains an account of Saul successfully leading Israel against their enemies. Because Israel was successful, the people gained confidence in Saul’s abilities to lead them.

1 Samuel 12
The Lord Is Still King

In 1 Samuel 11, after the Israelites defeated their enemies, the people might have been tempted to say to Samuel, “We told you that a king would be good for us.” However, 1 Samuel 12 records what Samuel said to the Israelites to make sure they resisted this temptation. He reminded Israel that the Lord had delivered them from their enemies—no matter who their mortal leader was. Even though the Lord let them have a man for their king, He was still the real king of Israel (see 1 Samuel 12:12). Samuel promised the people that if they rebelled against the Lord, they would lose His helping hand—no matter how great their earthly king.

1 Samuel 13
Saul Acts Foolishly

Suppose you were one of twenty Church members on an island and the only priesthood holders were deacons in the Aaronic Priesthood. Would it be acceptable for those deacons to administer the sacrament rather than let all the members go without that important ordinance? Why not? In 1 Samuel 13 we read about a situation like this.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Samuel 13.

If He Could Do It Over Again

Sometimes we wish we could relive a certain situation and choose differently. Rewrite the story in 1 Samuel 13:1–16 so that it tells the story in a way that what Saul did pleased the Lord and Samuel.

1 Samuel 14
A Foolish Oath

When we are disobedient and do not repent, we lose the companionship of the Holy Ghost. Without the Holy Ghost we are more likely to make poor decisions. Saul’s actions in 1 Samuel 14 are an example of this principle.

The account in 1 Samuel 14 describes how Saul, hoping to inspire his men and receive help from God, commanded the army of Israel to fast in preparation for their battle against the Philistines. To enforce the command, Saul said that any man who ate would be put to death. He did not know, however, that his own son, Jonathan, was not present when he gave the command. Jonathan ate some honey, and Saul prepared to take the life of his son. Fortunately, the people pled with Saul and he did not carry out this foolish oath.

1 Samuel 15
The Importance of Obedience

Elder Bruce R. McConkie said, “Obedience is the first law of heaven, the cornerstone upon which all righteousness and progression rest” (Mormon Doctrine, 2d. ed. [1966], 539). As you read 1 Samuel 15, consider what it teaches about the principle of obedience.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 1 Samuel 15.

Make a Comparison

Compare what Samuel told Saul to do (see 1 Samuel 15:1–3) with what Saul actually did (see 1 Samuel 15:4–9).

Excuses

1. What excuses did Saul give for what he did instead of being obedient to what he was commanded to do?

2. Write a letter to Saul explaining why his excuses for disobedience are not acceptable. Make sure you respond to each of his excuses.

The Real Reason

1. Finally, in 1 Samuel 15:24, Saul confessed why he did what he did. Identify some reasons people give today for their acts of disobedience. How are they similar to Saul’s response?

2. What do you think can help strengthen us from falling into the temptation to justify our actions?

1 Samuel 16
The Lord Chooses a New King

Because of Saul’s disobedience, he was told that another king would be chosen for Israel (see 1 Samuel 13:13–14; 15:26–28). If you were choosing the new king, what would you be looking for? As you read 1 Samuel 16, notice what the Lord said to Samuel about choosing a new king.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 1 Samuel 16.

Scripture Mastery—1 Samuel 16:7

What does 1 Samuel 16:7 teach us about the way the Lord looks at us and the way we should look at others?

The Power of Music

1. Music has great power to influence our feelings. What did David’s music do for Saul?

2. We should realize that what David’s music did for Saul was only temporary. What would have given those feelings to Saul more permanently?

3. How do people today use music in the same way Saul did?

4. Name a hymn or song that helps you feel the influence of the Holy Ghost.

1 Samuel 17
David and Goliath

The story of David and Goliath is one of the most well-known of any in the Bible. As you read the story in 1 Samuel this time, look for what David considered his source of strength and courage. Also ask yourself questions like these: What effect could the events in chapter 16 have on the events in chapter 17? Why was it significant that David defeated Goliath after he had been “anointed” by the Lord’s prophet?

Chapter 17 of 1 Samuel may help you think of answers to these questions as well: What “Goliaths” are there in your life? What covenants have you entered into with the Lord that can give you strength to overcome your “Goliaths”? How can what David did to show his faith in the Lord’s promises apply to situations in your life?

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 1 Samuel 17.

What Did They Say?

1. Write down one thing each of the following people said in 1 Samuel 17: Goliath, Jesse, Eliab, David, and the men of Israel.

2. Write what you think are the two significant things David said or did in 1 Samuel 17, and explain why.

Draw a Picture

Use information in 1 Samuel 17 to draw some part of the David and Goliath story.

Make a List

1. List what you think are the three biggest temptations facing people your age in the Church in your area.

2. Make a list of five ideas or quotations from 1 Samuel 17 that you would use in a talk entitled “Overcoming Our Personal Challenges.”

1 Samuel 18–23
Saul Seeks David’s Life

After defeating Goliath, David became a national hero. He was invited to live with Saul, where he worked closely with Saul and where he became close friends with Saul’s son Jonathan. Saul grew jealous of David’s popularity, however, and attempted to kill David several times and to get David’s enemies to kill him.

In 1 Samuel 18–23, Saul was trying to take David’s life and David continued to flee and hide from Saul. Throughout these incidents, David kept his friendship with Jonathan. On several occasions, Jonathan helped protect David from danger.

From these chapters, we see a growing difference between David, who sought to be right with God, and Saul, whose disobedience and unwillingness to repent left him cut off from God’s influence. Saul grew increasingly wicked and murderous, while David received the help of the Lord unto deliverance.

By the end of these chapters, David had gained many followers who looked forward to the day when he would be king in Israel.

1 Samuel 24
Respect for the Lord’s Anointed

Several instances where Saul tried to take David’s life are recorded in 1 Samuel 18–23. In 1 Samuel 24 we are told about a time when David had the opportunity to take Saul’s life but did not. The reasons he did not can teach us an important lesson concerning our respect and loyalty to those called by the Lord.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Samuel 24.

How Would You Answer?

Apply David’s reason for not killing Saul to a situation today where friends are criticizing a Church leader in your presence. Write how you would answer this.

1 Samuel 25–26
Love Your Enemies

David demonstrated that he would be kind to Saul, who had tried to kill him. In 1 Samuel 25, David was taught about giving others the same consideration as he did Saul. David and his men asked for some supplies from a man named Nabal; Nabal treated them rudely. In response, David and his men prepared to attack. Nabal’s wife, Abigail, heard about what was happening and acted wisely to keep David from attacking and killing her husband. In the process, David realized his revengeful actions were not right. A short time later, Nabal died and the problem was solved anyway. After Nabal’s death, David married Abigail as one of his wives.

When Jesus gave the Sermon on the Mount, He told the people to “love your enemies” and “bless them that curse you” (Matthew 5:44). Over a thousand years earlier, David practiced these principles in the way he dealt with Saul. As you read, think about the following statement by President Howard W. Hunter and how it might apply not only to this chapter but, more importantly, to our lives today:

“Think of what this admonition alone [to love your enemies] would do in your neighborhood and mine, in the communities in which you and your children live, in the nations which make up our great global family. I realize this doctrine poses a significant challenge, but surely it is a more agreeable challenge than the terrible tasks posed for us by the war and poverty and pain the world continues to face.

“How are we supposed to act when we are offended, misunderstood, unfairly or unkindly treated, or sinned against? What are we supposed to do if we are hurt by those we love, or are passed over for promotion, or are falsely accused, or have our motives unfairly assailed?

“Do we fight back? Do we send an ever-larger battalion? Do we revert to an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, or . . . do we come to the realization that this finally leaves us blind and toothless?” (in Conference Report, Oct. 1992, 23; or Ensign, Nov. 1992, 18).

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Samuel 25–26.

Make a Comparison

Read first what Saul tried to do to David in 1 Samuel 18:10–11; 19:9–12; 24:1–2, and then review what David did to Saul in 1 Samuel 24; 26. What does David’s statement in 1 Samuel 26:23 tell us about why he did what he did in 1 Samuel 26? Think of a way you could apply David’s example in your life and begin doing it today.

1 Samuel 27
David among the Philistines

After the events of 1 Samuel 26, David still did not trust Saul. In 1 Samuel 27, David fled and lived among the Philistines for a period of time. Chapter 27 also tells how during that time he tried to fulfill the Lord’s original commands to the Israelites to eliminate all the idolatrous and wicked people from the land.

1 Samuel 28
Saul’s Spiritual Darkness

Perhaps the lowest point in Saul’s life is recorded in 1 Samuel 28. Because Saul could not get any revelation from God concerning how he should lead Israel, he went to a witch to see if he could get some help from spiritualists, or those who seek to contact the spirits of the dead for advice and counsel. In chapter 28, the witch claimed to have brought forward the prophet Samuel from the dead. President Joseph Fielding Smith said that it should be obvious that dead prophets do not respond to the call of witches and that the entire event was under the influence of the devil, who certainly must have been pleased with what had occurred in Saul’s life (see Answers to Gospel Questions, 5 vols. [1957–66], 109).

1 Samuel 29–31
David’s Success and Saul’s Death

In 1 Samuel 29–31 is recorded how the Philistines decided to once again attack the Israelites. Worried about whether David might turn against them, they asked him to leave their land. David and his men left. Upon leaving, David and his men continued to destroy the idolatrous enemies of Israel. When David obtained goods and cattle, he sent portions of them to each of the cities in Judah. In this way David began to build support for the time when Saul would die and he would lead Israel.

The book of 1 Samuel ends with the death of the first king in Israel. Saul saw that they were going to lose the battle against the Philistines. Rather than die at the hands of the Philistines, Saul asked his armourbearer to take his life, but the armourbearer would not. So Saul leaned on his own sword and took his own life.

The Second Book of Samuel

The Story of the Second King

As noted in the title of this book in your Bible, the book of 2 Samuel is “Otherwise Called the Second Book of the Kings.” The story of Saul is found in 1 Samuel along with the story of the first king in Israel, and 2 Samuel is the story of the second king, David. Samuel could not have written the book of 2 Samuel since he died before the end of 1 Samuel. For more information on 1–2 Samuel, see the Bible Dictionary, “Samuel, books of” (p. 769).

Important People in 2 Samuel

Ishbosheth—Son of Saul who claimed the kingdom after his father’s death

Abner—Leader of Saul’s army who first supported Ishbosheth but then joined with David

Joab—Leader of David’s army who killed Abner

Mephibosheth—Son of Jonathan who was disabled and honored and protected by David

Bathsheba—Woman with whom David committed adultery

Uriah—Bathsheba’s husband, whom David had killed so he could marry his wife

Nathan—Prophet in the days of David

Amnon—Son of David who was killed by his brother Absalom

Absalom—Son of David who killed his brother and tried to take the kingdom from his father

2 Samuel 1–3
After Saul’s Death

In the last chapter of 1 Samuel we read that Saul tried to get his armourbearer to kill him. When the man wouldn’t, Saul fell upon his own sword and died. In 2 Samuel 1 the story is told of a man who thought he could gain David’s favor by claiming to be the one who killed Saul. This man also brought before David the crown and bracelet that signified that Saul was king. When David found out that Saul and Jonathan were dead, he mourned. He also had the man killed who took credit for Saul’s death. The last verses of 2 Samuel 1 are the words of a psalm, or song, that David wrote for the occasion.

David was then directed by the Lord to go to the land of Judah. There the people made him king of Judah. During that same time period, the captain of Saul’s army helped make Saul’s son Ishbosheth the king over the rest of Israel. Some fighting between David’s men and the men of Ishbosheth is explained in 2 Samuel 2–3. These chapters help us understand that David had no desire to act in a revengeful way against his enemies.

2 Samuel 4–5
David Becomes King

In 2 Samuel 4 it is recorded that eventually men seeking favor from David killed Ishbosheth and brought his head to David. David had these men killed for their actions. Even with all Saul tried to do to him, David loved and honored Saul and his family. With Ishbosheth dead, the rest of the leaders in Israel came to David and asked him to be their king.

Chapter 5 of 2 Samuel then tells about how David captured the city of Jerusalem—a city that seemed nearly impossible to conquer in those days because it was located on a natural hill surrounded by three deep valleys. Jerusalem was very easy to defend because of these valleys. Jerusalem was an important city to obtain because it included Mount Moriah, where Abraham went to sacrifice Isaac. David made Jerusalem the capitol city of Israel.

2 Samuel 6
The Ark of the Covenant Comes to Jerusalem

After the Israelites got the ark of the covenant back from the Philistines, they put the ark in a safe place and guarded it from being captured again. In 2 Samuel 6 it tells how David established Jerusalem as the capitol city of Israel and decided to house the ark of the covenant there to symbolize that the Lord was with them in their capitol.

2 Samuel 7
David Wants to Build a Temple

How would you feel if you thought up and planned to do something for the Lord and His Church that you thought was very special and then found out He wanted you to do something else? Chapter 7 of 2 Samuel records that this is essentially what happened to David. As you read, notice how David responded to what the Lord said to him.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 2 Samuel 7.

Insight from Other Scripture

Read 1 Chronicles 22:7–8 and explain why the Lord did not want David to build a permanent temple.

How Did David Feel?

1. Reread the introduction to 2 Samuel 7 and think about how you would feel if you were in a situation similar to David’s. Then read 2 Samuel 7:18–29 and tell how David felt about what the Lord told him.

2. Write in your notebook and mark in your scriptures the parts of verses you think best express David’s feelings.

3. Explain why you think David felt the way he did.

2 Samuel 8–10
David’s Political and Personal Success

In 2 Samuel 8, 10 is a description of how David continued to conquer the land promised by God to the Israelites. The Lord commanded the Israelites to conquer people in the land promised them from the time of Joshua, but David was the one who finally fulfilled the command most fully. At the same time, the record says he ruled his own people with fairness. Chapter 9 of 2 Samuel contains a great example of David’s justice in the account of how he fulfilled his promise to Saul’s son Jonathan to take care of Saul’s family.

Understanding the Scriptures

2 Samuel 9 Lame (vv. 3, 13)—Walk with difficulty Did reverence (v. 6)—Paid respect by bowing down [click for scalable version]

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 2 Samuel 8–10.

What Do You Think?

Why might some people have been surprised that David would do what he did in 2 Samuel 9 for one of Saul’s descendants?

Find a Scripture

Use your scripture helps to find a scripture verse that teaches us to act as David did in 2 Samuel 9. Write the scripture in your notebook and explain why you chose it. A good way to find a scripture is to look in the Topical Guide under a word that describes David’s actions. You may find one of those words in the footnotes. Write the reference in the margin of 2 Samuel 9 in your Bible.

2 Samuel 11–12
David’s Tragic Mistakes

Sometimes we don’t recognize the importance of some of the “little” decisions we make in our lives. Elder Gordon B. Hinckley gave an example of the importance of little decisions when he told about an experience he had working for a railroad company. He said he received a call from New Jersey that a passenger train arrived without the baggage car.

“We discovered that the train had been properly made up in Oakland, California, and properly delivered to St Louis. . . . But in the St. Louis yards, a thoughtless switchman had moved a piece of steel just three inches.

“That piece of steel was a switch point, and the car that should have been in Newark, New Jersey, was in New Orleans, Louisiana, thirteen hundred miles away” (in Conference Report, Oct. 1972, 106; or Ensign, Jan. 1973, 91).

When you first read about David, he appeared to be the model for a king in Israel. Chapters 1–10 of 2 Samuel record the great success he had as the leader of the country. As you read 2 Samuel 11–12, look for “switch points” in David’s life that put him on a different “track” than the one he started on in his younger years.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–E) as you study 2 Samuel 11–12.

Switch Points

Make the following chart in your notebook, and then fill in the blanks with information you learn from 2 Samuel 11 as well as with your own thoughts. There may be more than one item in the middle column.

Switch Points Today

You probably noticed that each “switch point” brought David closer and closer to sin. Write a short letter as if you were writing to someone your age and warn him or her about “switch points” you believe will be faced that could lead to immoral actions. A For the Strength of Youth booklet (36550) may provide some suggestions. Also use David’s story to help this person see the consequences of such choices.

Interpret the Parable

Explain Nathan’s parable in 2 Samuel 12:1–4 as it applied to David. Tell what each specific part of the parable represents.

Feelings of Remorse

Sometime after his discussion with Nathan, David wrote Psalm 51. Read Psalm 51 and write what you think David would say to someone who believes that sin is nothing to worry about because you can always repent (see also D&C 132:38–39).

A Big Change

Compare the kind of man David was when he fought Goliath to the kind of man he was in 2 Samuel 11–12 when he committed serious sins. Why do you think there is such a difference? How can people change so drastically?

2 Samuel 13–14
The Sins of David’s Children

Sin always affects those around us—especially our families. Often the parents’ example has an impact on the way their children behave. Even more, when parents set a bad example, correcting the same bad behavior in their children is very difficult. As you read 2 Samuel 13–14, think about how the actions of David’s sons are similar to his own. Consider also what you might have done if you were in these situations.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 2 Samuel 13–14.

Read and Answer

Read 2 Samuel 14:14 and answer this question: What “means” (plans) has God “devised” (created) to help those who are “banished” (out of his presence) so they are not permanently “expelled” (driven out) from him?

2 Samuel 15–18
Absalom Seeks to Be King

The last verses of 2 Samuel 14 tell how Absalom was lovingly received by his father, David, in Jerusalem. Chapter 15 of 2 Samuel tells how Absalom went about getting the people’s support to overthrow David as king. When David heard that Absalom gained favor among the people, he saw the events as a punishment from God for things he had done. He left Jerusalem in the attitude of humility, hoping the Lord would be merciful to him.

The story of Absalom’s attempt to set himself up as the new king is told in 2 Samuel 16–17. He received some of David’s counselors and servants who hoped to gain political favor. One of them encouraged Absalom to sleep with his father’s concubines as a symbol that he was now the king. This fulfilled one of Nathan’s prophecies (see 2 Samuel 12:11–12).

Finally, Absalom was encouraged to go out and fight David and David’s men. The story of how Joab found and killed Absalom is in 2 Samuel 18. David wept when he heard the news. Perhaps one of the reasons David wept was that he saw his own sins reflected in the lives of his children.

2 Samuel 19–20
Continued Troubles for David

Chapter 19 of 2 Samuel begins by telling of David’s continued sorrow for the death of Absalom. Joab told King David that many people were confused that he wept over the death of someone who attempted to overthrow him as king and go to battle against him. Joab said that David appeared to love his enemies and hate his friends. The rest of 2 Samuel 19 tells how David took Joab’s counsel and attempted to deal kindly with both friends and former enemies. For example, the tribe of Judah generally supported Absalom.

David invited Judah to support him once again and said he would put one of them in charge of his army. This, however, angered both Joab and the other tribes of Israel. A rebellion by the other tribes in Israel as they attempted to put another man in as king is recorded in 2 Samuel 20. David’s men, led by Joab, stopped the rebellion—after Joab killed the man David put in charge of the army.

Chapters 19–20 of 2 Samuel leave us with the impression that while David’s desires were usually good, the wise judgment he had as a young man had left him.

2 Samuel 21–23
More about David

The story in 2 Samuel 21 is either not translated correctly or shows that David truly fell deep into apostasy. Never would God approve of putting one’s grandsons to death for something their grandfather did. The idea that God demanded human sacrifice to end a famine is simply false doctrine, like the doctrine of idol worship.

Chapters 22–23 of 2 Samuel are not really the continuation of David’s history but appear to be placed at the end of 2 Samuel by the writer to summarize some things about David and his kingdom. Chapter 22 of 2 Samuel is a psalm of David. Chapter 23 tells about David’s “mighty men,” or the men of his army.

2 Samuel 24
More of David’s Mistakes

Chapter 24 is the final chapter of 2 Samuel; it records that David was determined to number, or count, the people in Israel. The record states that the Lord was displeased with him for doing this. Apparently, David was numbering the people to see how successful he really was as king. The Lord, however, was the one who gave David strength to conquer Israel’s enemies. David’s sin was in taking credit for Israel’s success.

In the last part of 2 Samuel 24, David bought a threshing floor from a man. On that threshing floor David offered sacrifice to the Lord for his sins. This threshing floor is the traditional place where Abraham offered Isaac and was the place where David’s son Solomon built the temple. Today a Moslem mosque sits on this place and is called the “Dome of the Rock.”

The First Book of the Kings

Overview of the Book

First Kings is the third book in the group of four books that tells the history of Israel during the time they were ruled by kings. The book begins with Solomon being chosen as king after David. It covers approximately 120 years of history, ending with the story of Ahab, one of the more wicked kings in Israel’s history. Our Father in Heaven confronted Ahab by sending someone more than equal to the task, Elijah the prophet. Often revered as Israel’s greatest prophet, Elijah displayed the power of God over the false god Baal in dramatic fashion on Mount Carmel. Although 1 Kings tells some political history, the book is more a history of how political leaders kept the covenants God made with Israel, especially regarding idolatry. The major focus is on those kings who were most notable in either keeping or not keeping the covenant and on the prophets who preached to them. We can learn lessons from both the good and bad examples in 1 Kings.

Baal Worship

Worship of the idol Baal is mentioned many times in 1–2 Kings. Baal was the false god of many of Israel’s neighbors. Those who worshiped him believed he helped their crops grow and their herds increase. This false religion, inspired of Satan, included immoral activities in its worship and was referred to by prophets as “the shame” (see Bible Dictionary, “Baal,” pp. 617–18). At various times, many Israelites forsook God and defiled themselves by this religion rather than worshiping the true and living God.

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1 Kings 1–2
The Death of David

As David grew older, many wondered who would take his place when he died. Chapter 1 of 1 Kings tells about one of David’s sons, Adonijah (younger brother of Absalom), who wanted very much to be the next king. He had the support of Joab, David’s military leader, and Abiathar, the priest. But David had promised Solomon (Bathsheba’s son) that he would be the next king. The prophet Nathan, along with Bathsheba, reminded David of this and encouraged him to publicly declare Solomon as the next king of Israel. It is of special note that David had Solomon ride on his mule as a sign to the people that he was David’s successor.

When Adonijah found out about the public anointing of Solomon, he was afraid Solomon might kill him. Solomon promised Adonijah, however, that he would not hurt him. In 1 Kings 2, Adonijah tried again to become king by seeking to marry one of David’s wives after he died. For this act of treason, he was put to death.

The account of David’s death is also in 1 Kings 2. Before David died, he gave Solomon instructions, including directions to punish Joab for the innocent lives he took and Abiathar for supporting Adonijah as king.

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Kings 1–2.

Prepare a Talk

Suppose that you were assigned to talk on “Lessons we can learn from the life of King David.” Name four topics you would put in your talk. After each topic, name a story in David’s life (and where it is found in the scriptures) that you would use to teach that topic.

1 Kings 3
What Shall I Give Thee?

If you could have anything you wanted from the Lord, what would you ask for? Why? Chapter 3 of 1 Kings records that Solomon had this opportunity. See how his desire compares with your own.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 1 Kings 3.

Before, During, and After

In 1 Kings 3, Solomon had a special experience with the Lord in a dream. Answer the following questions about this experience:

Before. What had already happened to show Solomon how difficult it is to be king?

During. Why do you think Solomon asked for an understanding heart rather than anything else? What things did the Lord seem pleased that Solomon did not ask for?

After. How did Solomon demonstrate that he had received this spiritual gift at the beginning of his reign?

How Do I Develop Wisdom?

Read the following scriptures and list what they say you can do to increase your wisdom and understanding: Alma 37:35–37; Doctrine and Covenants 89:18–21; 136:32–33.

1 Kings 4
Solomon Organizes the Kingdom

In 1 Kings 4 a brief description of how Solomon organized the government of his kingdom into twelve districts is given. Chapter 4 also gives some description of the wealth and prosperity of Solomon and Israel in those days. Solomon and Israel’s wisdom and prosperity became so well-known that leaders of many other nations came seeking Solomon’s wisdom and counsel.

1 Kings 5–7
Solomon Builds a Temple

Because he was a man of war, David was not permitted by the Lord to build a temple. The Lord promised David, however, that his son would reign in peace and build a temple (see 1 Chronicles 22:8–10). Chapters 5–7 of 1 Kings tell about the building of that temple, which has come to be known as Solomon’s temple.

In 1 Kings 5 we are told about an agreement made between Solomon and Hiram, king of Tyre. Solomon got cedar wood from Lebanon (part of the land Hiram ruled) in exchange for wheat and oil from Israel. In addition, we read that Solomon put in effect a “labor tax” that required men in Israel to spend a certain amount of time in Lebanon preparing the cedar wood to be taken to Jerusalem for the temple.

In 1 Kings 6 is a description of some of the furnishings of the temple and the materials they were made of. The chapter also records the Lord’s promise to Solomon that if the people would live the laws associated with the temple, the Lord would dwell among them in His house.

Chapter 7 in 1 Kings mentions that Solomon also built a house for himself that took thirteen years to complete, while the temple only took seven. Chapter 7 also reemphasizes the idea that the very finest workmanship was put into the temple. The same is true today. The way we build a house of God is a reflection of how we worship the Lord.

1 Kings 8
The Temple Is Dedicated

President Joseph Fielding Smith said, “When we dedicate a house to the Lord, what we really do is dedicate ourselves to the Lord’s service, with a covenant that we shall use the house in the way He intends that it shall be used” (“Hyrum Smith Honored By Pres. Smith,” Church News, 12 Feb. 1972, 4).

In our day, each temple built by the Church is dedicated by a prayer given by a member of the First Presidency. The Prophet Joseph Smith prepared, by inspiration, the first dedicatory prayer in our dispensation and read the prayer at the dedication of the Kirtland Temple. The prayer is recorded in section 109 of the Doctrine and Covenants. Since that time, the Presidents of the Church have followed the pattern set by the Prophet Joseph.

The dedication of the temple built under Solomon’s direction is found in 1 Kings 8. As you read, look for statements that teach us about the importance of temples.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A–C as you study 1 Kings 8.

Write an Eyewitness Account

Suppose you have been chosen to write an eyewitness account of the temple dedication for your local newspaper. Because of space limitations, your article must be fifty words or less. Write the article in your notebook.

Blessings of the Temple

List at least four blessings Solomon prayed would come to the people because of the temple (see 1 Kings 8:22–54).

Optional Activity—Temple Influence

Write about your best experience having to do with the temple. Consider getting a picture of a temple nearest you and hanging it where you can see the temple often.

1 Kings 9
The Lord Appears to Solomon

President Heber J. Grant said: “There is but one path of safety to the Latter-day Saints, and that is the path of duty. It is not testimony, it is not marvelous manifestations, it is not knowing that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is true, . . . that will save you and me, but it is the keeping of the commandments of God, the living the life of a Latter-day Saint” (“The President Speaks: Excerpts from the Utterances of Heber J. Grant,” Improvement Era, Nov. 1936, 659).

Solomon and the Israelites had great spiritual experiences at the dedication of the temple, but spiritual experiences do not guarantee salvation (see D&C 3:4). Chapter 9 of 1 Kings records what the Lord told Solomon regarding what the Lord requires in order to be with His people. Look for these requirements as you read.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 1 Kings 9.

Identify Commandments and Consequences

Make a chart like the one shown here and fill it in with what the Lord told Solomon in 1 Kings 9:1–9.

1 Kings 10
The Queen of Sheba Visits

If someone from a different country came to visit you and watched you in your daily activities, would he or she gain or lose interest in your God and religion? In 1 Kings 10 we learn about a special visitor (the queen of Sheba) who came to visit Solomon because she did not believe all the great things she heard about him. After visiting Solomon, the queen was very impressed, especially with his wisdom and riches. The rest of chapter 10 describes things she probably saw and noticed that made Solomon a very impressive king.

1 Kings 11
Solomon Turns from the Lord

If we could learn anything from the stories of Israel’s first two kings, it would be this: no matter how good or favored you are in the beginning, you must endure to the end. This truth makes the story of Solomon all the more puzzling. Why didn’t he endure faithfully to the end? As you read 1 Kings 11, notice what happened because of Solomon’s unfaithfulness to the Lord.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 1 Kings 11.

Marriage out of the Covenant

1. In 1 Kings 3:1 we read that Solomon married a non-Israelite wife. She was the daughter of the Egyptian pharaoh. Marrying Pharaoh’s daughter seemed like a wise thing to do because a king would not usually attack another king who was married to his daughter. Marriage was a very common way of making treaties in those days. In Deuteronomy 7:1–4, the Lord gave counsel about marrying outside the covenant. How does the counsel in Deuteronomy apply to Solomon in 1 Kings 11:1–8?

2. Give an example of how this principle applies today in your age group.

What Are the Consequences?

Name at least two things that happened because Solomon’s heart was turned from the Lord (see 1 Kings 11:11–40).

1 Kings 12
A Divided Kingdom

In 1 Kings 11 we read that the prophet Ahijah told a man named Jeroboam, of the tribe of Ephraim, who worked closely with Solomon, that Jeroboam would be king over ten of the tribes of Israel. Solomon knew of Jeroboam’s rebellion and sought to take his life, but Jeroboam fled.

When Solomon died, his son Rehoboam was made king. At the time Solomon died, many people in Israel were unhappy about the many taxes Solomon had put on them. They were waiting to support Rehoboam until he told them what he would do about the taxes. This is when the events in 1 Kings 12 took place.

In 1 Kings 12, Rehoboam sought advice from different groups of people concerning what he should do. Who are the different people in your life who give you guidance? Whose counsel do you listen to, and why? As you read, try to imagine you were in Rehoboam’s place. Whose advice would you have chosen, and why? To whom may we turn for guidance and inspiration in our daily lives?

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 1 Kings 12.

What Should He Do?

1. Make a chart like the one shown here and fill it in so that it tells the story found in 1 Kings 12:1–20.

The problem (see vv. 1–5)
Advice from the “old men” (see vv. 6–7)
Advice from the “young men” (see vv. 9–11)
What Rehoboam did (see vv. 8, 12–15)

2. Why do you think Rehoboam decided to take the young men’s advice?

3. What groups of people try to influence your decisions? How do you choose which counsel to follow? Why is prayer essential in the decision-making process? (see D&C 30:1–2).

What Would You Do?

1. In the story in 1 Kings 12:25–33, what was Jeroboam worried about?

2. If you were living in Israel at the time, what would be the right thing to do, and why?

1 Kings 13–14
Double Trouble

In 1 Kings 13–14 we are told how both Jeroboam and Rehoboam led their people to sin. Interestingly, chapters 13–14 both contain accounts of experiences Jeroboam had that could have helped him recognize the power of God. Nevertheless, we read that Jeroboam “returned not from his evil way” (1 Kings 13:33).

Chapter 13 of 1 Kings also contains a story of a prophet that can help us understand the importance of obedience.

In 1 Kings 14 we learn that, like Jeroboam, Rehoboam also allowed idol worship in the land. Losing the protecting hand of the Lord because of his disobedience, Rehoboam was unable to keep the king of Egypt from capturing and taking away treasures from the temple in Jerusalem.

1 Kings 15–16
New Kings, Old Problems

Chapters 15–16 of 1 Kings tell about the kings in Israel and Judah after Jeroboam and Rehoboam. Only one is mentioned as not being wicked—Asa, king of Judah. During his time he destroyed idols in the land, including his own mother’s idol. Even Asa, however, could not get rid of the “high places” (see Bible Dictionary, “high places,” p. 702).

In 1 Kings 15 we also read about the fulfillment of a prophecy concerning Jeroboam: all his descendants were destroyed and his family line ended.

At the end of 1 Kings 16 we are introduced to a king in Israel named Ahab. Ahab not only allowed idol worship, but he married a non-Israelite woman named Jezebel who was an idol worshiper. The king of Israel began worshiping Baal, one of the most abominable of all false gods in the sight of God.

1 Kings 17
Elijah the Prophet

When people will not listen to the message of the Lord’s servants, the Lord will sometimes use something more dramatic to bring them to repentance. At the end of 1 Kings 16 we learned that Israel was becoming increasingly wicked, was led by a wicked king, and did not listen to the servants of God inviting them to repent. In 1 Kings 17 we learn about a prophet named Elijah who was sent by God with power to seal shut the heavens and cause a drought in Israel (to learn more about the prophet Elijah, see Bible Dictionary, “Elijah,” p. 664).

President Spencer W. Kimball wrote a book entitled Faith Precedes the Miracle (1972). 1 Kings 17 gives some great examples of that principle. Both Elijah and a widow exercised faith in some way before they later experienced a miracle. Look for the miracles as you read.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 1 Kings 17.

Demonstrations of Faith

The miracle of raising a young man from the dead in 1 Kings 17:17–23 is one of the most rare and impressive miracles in the scriptures. Those types of events occur only when the faith of all involved is great and when the event is according to the Lord’s will. We demonstrate our faith when we obey what the Lord and His servants tell us because we believe what they tell us—even though we may not fully see or understand why we should or how certain actions will turn to our good. This principle was best expressed by Nephi in 1 Nephi 3:7.

1. Write about ways Elijah showed faith in the Lord.

2. Write about ways the widow showed faith in the Lord.

3. List ways the Lord cared for or blessed Elijah and the ways He cared for or blessed the widow.

Use the Principles

Consider the following modern situation: The Jones family were not members of the Church. They were very poor and often struggled to provide for their basic needs. When they were taught the gospel, they felt the Spirit and wanted to learn more and join the Church. Then the missionaries taught them about tithing, and they became discouraged because they felt they could not afford to pay it.

1. What gospel principles would you teach this family?

2. Think of a time you or someone you know had to rely on faith to obey a commandment, and write about it.

1 Kings 18
Elijah versus 450 Priests of Baal

Three years of drought did not seem to soften the hearts of King Ahab or the Israelites. In 1 Kings 18 we read about a dramatic event where the Lord, through Elijah, powerfully showed that He is a living God, as opposed to the powerless idol Baal that most of the people worshiped.

Of special importance in this story is the idea that Baal was supposed to be the god of fertility, meaning he was the god that made crops grow by giving rain, sun, good soil, and so on. Baal should have been able to send the people rain, but he couldn’t because he is a false god and has no power (see D&C 29:28–29). So there was no rain for three years—just as Elijah had said. The incident in this chapter when Elijah and the priests of Baal met on Mount Carmel is really a way to show that the Lord—not Baal—has power over the elements.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activities A and B as you study 1 Kings 18.

What’s Wrong with This Question?

1. What do we learn about Ahab from the question he asked Elijah in 1 Kings 18:17?

2. Give an example of how you think some people today have the attitude Ahab showed.

“How Long Halt Ye between Two Opinions?”

1. What impresses you most in this story found in 1 Kings 18:19–46?

2. As Elijah did, modern prophets have asked us to choose between the Lord’s ways and the ways of the world that have no power to save. Give three examples of issues where modern prophets have asked us to choose between ways of the world and the ways of the Lord.

Convinced?

Notice the reaction of the people in 1 Kings 18:39. Write about what most convinces you that “The Lord, he is the God.”

1 Kings 19
Elijah Learns More about the Holy Ghost

It would seem that the events recorded in 1 Kings 18 would convince anyone who witnessed or heard about them that Elijah’s God is the true God. Not every one was convinced, however, because true conversion only occurs through the Holy Ghost—not through mighty miracles. The Spirit was likely present at the events in 1 Kings 18, but only those who were receptive to it had a change of heart. A change of heart does not occur because of fire out of heaven but rather because of quiet burning in the heart. Look for how the Lord reminded Elijah of this principle in 1 Kings 19.

As you read, you may also want to consider how you feel when you’ve done the right thing but then suffer in some way for your decision. If you have ever felt as if you have suffered unjustly, you can especially relate to Elijah in 1 Kings 19. Notice in 1 Kings 19 what and how the Lord taught Elijah when he was discouraged. Perhaps knowing Elijah’s story may help you at a time when you stand for the right but feel like you are standing alone.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 1 Kings 19.

Discouragement

Look at 1 Kings 19:1–4, 9–10 and explain why Elijah was discouraged.

Overcoming Discouragement

1. Write about at least three things the Lord did in 1 Kings 19 to help lift Elijah from his discouragement.

2. For each item you list, explain how you think it lifted Elijah in some way. In what ways does the Lord help us through our own discouragements and disappointments today?

What Did He Learn?

How could Elijah’s experience in 1 Kings 19 help him understand why things didn’t turn out as he hoped after the events of chapter 18?

1 Kings 20–21
Ahab’s Continued Disobedience

In 1 Kings 20 we read about battles Ahab and Israel had with Syria and its leader Ben-hadad. The Lord helped Ahab and Israel win the battles. After capturing Ben-hadad, however, Ahab made a treaty with Ben-hadad instead of killing him, as a prophet commanded him to do. As a result, Ahab was told he would be punished for his disobedience.

Another story of how wicked Ahab and Jezebel were is found in 1 Kings 21. Ahab wanted a piece of property owned by an Israelite who would not sell it to him. Jezebel decided to get the property for Ahab by paying false witnesses to testify against the property owner in court and have him sentenced to death. All this happened, and Ahab took possession of the property. Afterward he was met by Elijah who told him that he would meet the same kind of death as the man he had put to death.

1 Kings 22
The Prophet Micaiah

The story of Ahab’s death is found in 1 Kings 22. Not surprisingly, Ahab’s death occurred because he refused to follow the counsel of a true prophet, who told him not to go into battle. Instead, Ahab listened to four hundred false prophets who told Ahab whatever they thought he wanted to hear.

On this subject of following prophets, Elder Harold B. Lee said: “You may not like what comes from the authority of the Church. It may contradict your political views. It may contradict your social views. It may interfere with some of your social life. But if you listen to these things, as if from the mouth of the Lord himself, with patience and faith, the promise is that ‘the gates of hell shall not prevail against you; yea, and the Lord God will disperse the powers of darkness from before you, and cause the heavens to shake for your good, and his name’s glory.’ (D&C 21:6)” (in Conference Report, Oct. 1970, 152–53).

The Second Book of the Kings

The book of 2 Kings is the fourth and final book in the series of books that relates the history of the Israelites during the time they had kings. In 2 Kings we read of the fall and conquest of both Israel (Northern Kingdom) and Judah (Southern Kingdom).

Sad Endings

The Assyrians conquered the kingdom of Israel in approximately 725–20 B.C. and took most of the people north to Assyria. After this “scattering” of these ten tribes of Israel, we have no record of what happened to them except for a reference in the Book of Mormon that says the Savior visited some of them (see 3 Nephi 17:4). They are known as the lost ten tribes of Israel. Then 2 Kings ends with the account of the Babylonians conquering the kingdom of Judah and carrying the people away captive into Babylon. The Babylonian captivity occurred approximately 605–587 B.C.

Getting Ready to Study 2 Kings

Because the book of 2 Kings tells about the fall, conquest, and captivity of the Lord’s covenant people, we should pay special attention as we read to what led the Israelites to these troubles so we can avoid making those same mistakes. For example, what did their prophets teach them? Did they listen and obey? What do our prophets teach us today? If we don’t listen and obey, will the same things happen to us as happened to the Israelites? These are important questions to consider as you read and study.

2 Kings 1
The King Seeks Help from Idols

The story of how Ahaziah, the son of Ahab, was injured and sought advice from an idol is found in 2 Kings 1. The Lord told Elijah what was happening. Elijah then met the king’s servants, chastised them and King Ahaziah for not seeking counsel from the living God through the prophets, and prophesied that Ahaziah would die. Ahaziah heard of the prophesy and sent soldiers to get Elijah. A captain of fifty soldiers finally stopped trying to capture Elijah, but not before one hundred soldiers were killed by the Lord as they tried to carry out Ahaziah’s orders. As prophesied, Ahaziah never recovered from his injury and he died.

2 Kings 2
Elijah Taken into Heaven

When we first met Elijah in 1 Kings 17, he already held the power and authority to seal shut the heavens, creating a drought in Israel. But unlike Isaiah, Jeremiah, or another of the well-known prophets, Elijah left no writings that we know of to tell us more about him. We do know that the prophet Malachi said Elijah would come before “the great and dreadful day of the Lord” (Malachi 4:5) to prepare people for the coming of the Messiah.

Because of Malachi’s prophecy, people of some other faiths today still await his coming. The New Testament records, however, that Elijah, as a translated being, appeared on a mountaintop to Peter, James, and John, three of Jesus’ Apostles (see Matthew 17:1–4). In addition, Elijah, as a resurrected being, appeared in our dispensation on 3 April 1836 in the Kirtland Temple shortly after it was dedicated. He said he came in fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy, and he restored the keys of the sealing power to the earth in preparation for the coming of the Lord (see D&C 110:13–16).

No one could be resurrected until Christ came forth from the tomb. So Elijah, in order to perform his special mission, needed to be translated. Translation means to be changed in a way that your body is no longer subject to sickness, death, or physical pain. Translation is not resurrection. This condition allows individuals to continue performing ministries that require a physical body, such as the laying on of hands for priesthood authority. Later, translated individuals will be “changed” again to be resurrected. In 3 Nephi 28:36–40, Mormon described some Nephites who were translated. In 2 Kings 2 we read the story of Elijah being translated.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A or B as you study 2 Kings 2.

 “If Ye Have Desires”

1. Write about at least two things that show how much Elisha wanted to serve the Lord in the way Elijah did.

2. Identify qualities of leadership you see in the life of the Savior or the prophet and explain why these qualities are important.

Respecting the Lord’s Servants

1. What does the story in 2 Kings 2 teach us about the Lord and His servants?

2. Name at least three things you can do to show respect and reverence for the Lord’s chosen servants.

2 Kings 3–4
Miracles

The scriptures testify that the Lord is a God of miracles (see Mormon 9:10–11, 15–20). Consequently, those who represent Him may also perform miracles if they have faith and act according to the Lord’s will. The prophet Elisha was one whose obedience and faith allowed him to participate in many miracles. You read about some of Elisha’s miracles in 2 Kings 1, and you will read about several more in the chapters ahead.

As you read these chapters, notice the efforts Elisha made in exercising his faith and how the miracles were used to bless and teach the faithful to allow the Lord to assist them. Remember that miracles seldom convert but rather confirm the hope of those who believe and bless the faithful with special outpourings of grace from a loving God (see D&C 63:7–12).

The story of how Elisha performed a miracle to help give water to the combined armies of Israel, Judah, and Edom is told in 2 Kings 3. Chapter 4 of 2 Kings contains several miracles.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 2 Kings 3–4.

Elisha’s Priesthood Blessings

1. Make a chart in your notebook like the one below. Read the following references from the life of Christ and tell how they are like something that happened in 2 Kings 4:

Things Jesus Did	Priesthood Blessings of Elisha in 2 Kings 4
Matthew 14:15–21
Luke 7:11–16
John 2:1–11 (see also JST)

2. Considering the activity you just completed, how did Elisha leave a testimony for future Israelites that Jesus is their Messiah?

2 Kings 5
The Healing of Naaman

What one “small thing” that has the potential to greatly improve your life should you begin doing on a regular basis? Why haven’t you started yet? Elder Rex D. Pinegar said, “The great work of the Lord is primarily accomplished through small, kind acts that exemplify the basic teachings of His gospel” (in Conference Report, Oct. 1994, 106; or Ensign, Nov. 1994, 80).

Sometimes the small commandments are the ones ignored or neglected in our lives, when actually they are the commandments that could make large differences in our lives. Chapter 5 of 2 Kings contains a story that illustrates this principle.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 2 Kings 5.

Little People, Large Faith

Sometimes we think that what we do and say doesn’t really make a difference because we are not very important. There seem to be two such heroes in the story of Naaman. One is the little maid and the other is Naaman’s servant. We do not know the names of either of these people, but their faith blessed Naaman’s life.

1. Compare the faith of the little maid, who was in a foreign land, to the faith of the king of Israel.

2. Compare Naaman’s reaction to Elisha with the counsel of his servant.

3. Write about a time when someone of little importance helped you in a big way, or explain how the story of Naaman is an example of the principle found in Alma 37:6–7, 46.

4. Name two things our modern prophets have asked us to do that could be considered little, and explain how they really can make a big difference.

2 Kings 6–7
Trust the Prophet

Sometimes trusting in the counsel of our prophets and being obedient to their teachings takes much faith. In 2 Kings 6–7 we are given examples of how the Lord gives power to His prophets and brings to pass the fulfillment of their words. As you read, notice what happens to those who believe in the prophets and compare with those who doubt the Lord’s prophet.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 2 Kings 6–7.

Use the Scriptures to Solve Problems

Consider the following situations and write about how something from 2 Kings 6 could help in each situation:

1. You are on a mission and there is much opposition to your work. Almost no members live in the area and it seems that nearly everyone you talk to is against the Church.

2. A person at your school or in your neighborhood doesn’t like you and is often unkind to you. In a rare opportunity, you have the chance to get back at that person.

3. You want to keep the standards of the Church but doing so is difficult because you are one of only a few Church members in your area.

2 Kings 8
Righteousness amid Great Wickedness

Elisha’s continued kindnesses to the Shunammite woman whose son he raised from the dead is told in 2 Kings 8. Chapter 8 also contains some brief explanations of the changes in leadership in Syria, Israel, and Judah. The writer helps us realize that these countries were led by wicked men who led the people to greater wickedness.

2 Kings 9–10
Ahab’s Descendants Destroyed

In 2 Kings 9–10 we read an account of prophecy again being fulfilled. This time the prophecy was the one Elijah gave concerning Ahab and Jezebel and their descendants. These sobering chapters testify to the awful end of those who fight against God. The prophecy’s fulfillment didn’t seem to have the desired effect on the people, however. King Jehu, the man who fulfilled the prophecy by killing Jezebel and Ahab’s posterity, also killed the priests of Baal but would not give up the idols of Jeroboam, the first king of divided Israel. So Elijah’s prophecies were fulfilled, but Israel continued in a form of idolatry although it was different than Baal worship.

2 Kings 11–14
More Wicked Kings, Part 1

The story of the kings in Israel and Judah continues in 2 Kings 11–14. The brief history of each king simply tells a short story or two that gives the reader an idea about what his kingdom was like. Note that the book of Kings never tells of a king in Israel that completely did away with idolatry. On the other hand, there are a few kings in Judah that are noted for their righteousness—but only briefly. For example, in 2 Kings 12 Jehoash is praised for his program to repair parts of the temple. We also read, however, that he took some of the most precious items made of gold and silver from the temple and gave them to the king of Syria as part of a treaty.

The prophet Elisha’s death is described in 2 Kings 13.

2 Kings 15–16
More Wicked Kings, Part 2

In 2 Kings 15–16 the account continues of the different kings in Israel and Judah over the years and is similar to the four previous chapters. Of special note in these two chapters is that the country of Assyria began to be a threat to the two kingdoms. The kings of Judah paid the Assyrians to not attack and destroy them (see 2 Kings 15:17–20; 16:5–9). King Ahaz (see 2 Kings 16) even took precious things from the temple and gave them to the king of Assyria as a payment for protection.

In the kingdom of Israel, Assyria attacked and carried away many people from the northern part of Israel as prisoners (see 2 Kings 15:27–29).

2 Kings 17
The Northern Kingdom (Ten Tribes) Taken Captive

There is a story of two young men in a rowboat floating down a river. Although the river was calm where they floated, they were approaching an area where the water increased in speed and roughness as it headed toward a very steep, tall waterfall.

A man along the shore noticed the two men on the river and called out, “Hello! The rapids are in front of you and are followed by the waterfall!”

The young men heard the warning, but they felt fine about what they were doing and the boat was easily controlled. They continued laughing and joking, paying no attention to the man on the shore or the danger ahead.

The man on the shore shouted again with some urgency, “The rapids and falls will soon be upon you!”

The two men still did not seem to care. As the water began increasing in speed, however, the men became a little worried and tried to get the boat to shore. But it was too late. The current was too powerful, and over the falls they went to their death. Their fate could have been avoided had they listened to the warning voice (see David O. McKay, Gospel Ideals [1953], 912).

This imaginary story is much like the situation of the Israelites in 2 Kings 17, especially the position of the Northern Kingdom, where, as you have read in 1–2 Kings, virtually every king in some way promoted idolatry. From the time of the splitting of the two kingdoms after Solomon until the time of the events in 2 Kings 17 was about two hundred years. In other words, the Lord gave Israel two hundred years to change and put Him and His laws above all other things, but they would not. Surely the Lord was merciful in allowing such a long time for the Israelites to repent. Chapter 17 of 2 Kings is also where we read how the Lord allowed the Assyrians to take the Israelites captive, removing them from their land of promise.

The Assyrians were one of the most brutal of all conquering kingdoms in history. They treated their captive prisoners in some of the most savage ways known to man. In addition, in order to extend their own kingdom and culture, they did everything they could to separate those whom they captured from their culture. Consequently, when the Assyrians captured thousands of Israelites from the Northern Kingdom, we never really find out what happened to them. Although some remained in the land and intermarried with their Assyrian captors, most became “lost” from our knowledge and are known as the “lost ten tribes of Israel.”

As you read, look for reasons why the Israelites lost the Lord’s protection and were taken captive by the Assyrians.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 2 Kings 17.

A Warning Fulfilled

When the Lord first gave the Israelites their promised land, He gave them some warnings:

1. Summarize the prophecy the Lord gave Israel in Deuteronomy 4:24–28.

2. In what ways was that prophecy being fulfilled in 2 Kings 17? Be specific in your answer.

Let Me Count the Ways

1. List the ways Israel sinned against the Lord (look in 2 Kings 17:7–23).

2. Read Doctrine and Covenants 1:14–16 and describe how people in our day could be considered guilty of the same sins as the children of Israel.

Lost, but Not Forgotten

Read Deuteronomy 4:29–31, and summarize the promise the Lord made to the people and their descendants who were scattered.

2 Kings 18–19
Righteous King Hezekiah

At the time Assyria was conquering Israel, Hezekiah became king in Judah. He was able to lead the people toward increased righteousness, perhaps because they saw what was happening to Israel and feared the threat of the Assyrians to their own nation. As often happens to those who turn from sin to righteousness, however, Hezekiah and Israel had their commitment tested. For example, when a person who hasn’t paid tithing begins paying it, there may come a month when it doesn’t look like he or she can afford to pay a full tithe. The person may have to ask, “Can I trust the Lord enough to go ahead and pay my tithing and trust that He will bless me in whatever way I need?” Read Ether 12:6. Note the way the Lord has directed us to follow in such challenging times.

Hezekiah and his kingdom’s trial of faith is told about in 2 Kings 18–19. As you read, consider how you would feel if you were in Hezekiah’s situation, both during and after this trial of faith.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do two of the following activities (A–C) as you study 2 Kings 18–19.

A Formula for Success

How does 2 Kings 18:1–8 illustrate the truth of Proverbs 3:5–6?

In Your Own Words

Summarize the story found in 2 Kings 18–19 by writing in your own words:

1. What Rab-shakeh said to Hezekiah’s servants (see 2 Kings 18:19–35).

2. Hezekiah’s reaction to the Rab-shakeh’s words (see 2 Kings 19:1–5).

3. Isaiah’s message to Hezekiah (see 2 Kings 19:6–7).

4. What Isaiah said to Hezekiah in response to Hezekiah’s prayer (see 2 Kings 19:20–34).

5. What happened to the Assyrians (see 2 Kings 19:35–37).

How Does It Happen Today?

What lesson could modern-day Israelites learn from the story in 2 Kings 18–19? As you write, consider the following questions: In what ways do you feel like you are in the position of Hezekiah and the people of Jerusalem? Does it take faith to believe that some of the things the prophets tell us will actually come to pass? How does the story of Hezekiah in these two chapters relate to Ether 12:6?

2 Kings 20
More about Hezekiah

In 1 Kings 20 we read about a time when Hezekiah was close to death. He prayed in faith that he might live a few more years, and the Lord gave him his desire. Chapter 20 also tells how Hezekiah showed the king of Babylon the treasures in the temple. Isaiah said this was a mistake because in future years the Babylonians would remember the great riches inside the temple, come to conquer Jerusalem, and take away those precious things.

2 Kings 21
Wicked King Manasseh

In 2 Kings 21 we read about Hezekiah’s son Manasseh who, after the righteous reign of his father, reigned as one of the most wicked rulers in the history of Judah. The end of chapter 21 tells us that Manasseh’s son Amon reigned only a short time before he was killed. The people found and slew the men who killed Amon and then put another king in power. This event suggests that if the people really wanted to, they could have overthrown wicked Manasseh and put a righteous king in his place. Manasseh’s reign was so wicked because the people allowed his wickedness and were wicked themselves. A wicked man in power can do much harm. If the majority of the people are righteous, however, they can bring about much good, even in the midst of wickedness.

2 Kings 22–23
The Power of the Word

In the Book of Mormon, the Lord commanded Nephi to obtain the brass plates and to devote much of his life to writing the First Book of Nephi and the Second Book of Nephi. This illustrates how the Lord feels about the importance of scriptures.

How would your life be different if you had never read the scriptures or known of them? What difference are they making in your daily life now?

In 2 Kings 22 the scriptures are referred to as the “book of the law.” As you read this chapter, consider what the writer was trying to teach us about the importance of the scriptures, and notice what effect the scriptures had on King Josiah and his people.

Understanding the Scriptures

Studying the Scriptures

Do activity A as you study 2 Kings 22–23.

The Power of the Word

Do three of the following four activities:

1. What was King Josiah’s response when he heard the words of the book of the law? (see 2 Kings 22:11, 19; 23:4–14, 21, 24–25).

2. What was the people’s response when King Josiah read these same words to them? (see 2 Kings 23:1–3).

3. Write about a time when the scriptures have had an important effect on your life.

4. Read 2 Timothy 3:15–17; 1 Nephi 15:23–24; 2 Nephi 32:3; Alma 31:5; and Helaman 3:29–30, and make a list from these scriptures of the power the scriptures can have in our lives.

2 Kings 24–25
Judah Taken Captive by Babylon

In the last few verses of 2 Kings 23 we read that Josiah’s son was a wicked king, leading the people back into wickedness. During that time, the Egyptians forced the kings of Judah to pay them money for protection. They had such influence that they put in a new king for Judah while the old one was still alive.

By the beginning of 2 Kings 24, Egypt’s power had grown weaker than that of an emerging world power—Babylon. Led by King Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem and took captive many rich, educated, and powerful families in Jerusalem. Chapter 24 in 2 Kings marks the “beginning of the end” for Judah.

During this time, the prophet Lehi warned the people about the total destruction of Jerusalem by Babylon. Knowing that Nebuchadnezzar had already successfully attacked Jerusalem prior to the beginning of 1 Nephi in the Book of Mormon makes the people’s rejection of Lehi’s warning seem even more amazing. The Book of Mormon begins in the “first year of the reign of Zedekiah” (1 Nephi 1:4), who is referred to in 2 Kings 24:17–20.

True to the prophecies of Lehi and others, Nebuchadnezzar returned to Jerusalem and completely “broke up” the city (see 2 Kings 25). Zedekiah’s eyes were put out (blinded) after he was forced to witness the death of his sons. The Book of Mormon records that one of Zedekiah’s sons named Mulek was saved and traveled with a group to the western continent. The Nephites later discovered the descendants of these “Mulekites” and called them the people of Zarahemla.

The account of the Babylonian captivity of the Lord’s chosen people by the wicked is documented in 2 Kings 25. Israel’s “golden” era began when Moses led them out of Egyptian bondage and made sacred covenants with the Lord. It concluded with the Assyrian capture and scattering of the Northern Kingdom and with the Babylonian capture of the Southern Kingdom after the Israelites had become continually wicked. Thus we see that both the Northern and Southern Kingdoms of Israel and Judah were conquered as the Lord’s prophets had foretold. For approximately six hundred years Israel was essentially a free people, able to worship the God of their fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. But they forsook their God and were taken captive and scattered among those who did not worship the true and living God.